The foot was strapped to a friction plate with a band which only covered the forefoot. Each leg was mounted into a load frame (Instron model 8872 Instron Corp., Canton, Massachusetts) to simulate a single-leg barefoot stance ( Fig. The ankle ligaments and interosseous membrane were preserved.
#ACCIDENTAL WOMAN VERSION 0.02.2 SKIN#
The skin and subcutaneous tissues were removed down to the tarsus. A customised load transmitter with a stem in the tibial medullary canal was used to apply the axial load. The tibial epicondyles were removed with an oscillating saw and the medullary canal opened with a drill.
The specimens were prepared by disarticulation at the knee joint. A normal range of movement in the ankle joint was established clinically, and malalignment was excluded radiologically. Before testing them, the limbs were thawed at room temperature for at least 24 hours. We used 17 fresh-frozen cadaveric lower legs of which 11 were tested with an intact fibula (group A), and as a consequence of our findings in the remaining six we osteotomised the fibula directly above the level of the syndesmosis (group B). We believe this to be of importance to our understanding of the predisposition of malalignment in the coronal plane to the development of osteoarthritis. The ankle joint has been the subject of many biomechanical studies, in which cadaver specimens have been modified to simulate pathological processes that affect the tibiotalar joint.ġ0 – 14 Our study aimed to describe the effect of varus and valgus deformity of the distal tibia on the contact area and force transmission through the tibiotalar joint.
Consequently, it is not currently possible to plan the precise level and degree of correction of an osteotomy, nor is it possible to accurately predict its outcome. Osteoarthritis may also develop in the presence of ligamentous laxity and muscular imbalance.Ħ The nature of eccentric osteoarthritis of the ankle is not well understood, but, despite this, correction of angular deformities by supramalleolar and calcaneal osteotomies have become more popular.Ģ, 5, 7 – 9 There is limited data about the biomechanical changes that occur after corrective osteotomy. Valgus and varus malalignment of the ankle joint may be caused by trauma, neurological disorders, genetic predisposition and other unidentified factors, and result in asymmetrical joint loading.ġ – 5 This may cause wear of the articular cartilage in areas that are normally accustomed to less loading.
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